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2010 Chile earthquake
The 2010 Chile earthquake ((スペイン語:Terremoto de Chile de 2010)) occurred off the coast of central Chile on Saturday, 27 February at 03:34 local time (06:34 UTC), having a magnitude of 8.8 on the moment magnitude scale, with intense shaking lasting for about three minutes.〔 It ranks as the fifth largest earthquake ever to be recorded by a seismograph. It was felt strongly in six Chilean regions (from Valparaíso in the north to Araucanía in the south), that together make up about 80 percent of the country's population. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) the cities experiencing the strongest shaking—VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale (MM)—were Concepción, Arauco and Coronel. According to Chile's Seismological Service Concepción experienced the strongest shaking at MM IX (Violent).〔 The earthquake was felt in the capital Santiago at MM VII (Very Strong) or MM VIII. Tremors were felt in many Argentine cities, including Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Mendoza and La Rioja. Tremors were felt as far north as the city of Ica in southern Peru (approx. away).
The earthquake triggered a tsunami which devastated several coastal towns in south-central Chile and damaged the port at Talcahuano. Tsunami warnings were issued in 53 countries, and the wave caused minor damage in the San Diego area of California and in the Tōhoku region of Japan, where damage to the fisheries business was estimated at ¥6.26 billion (US$66.7 million).〔(Fisheries took ¥6 billion hit from Chile tsunami ), ''Japan Times'. 28 March 2010.〕 The earthquake also generated a blackout that affected 93 percent of the Chilean population and which went on for several days in some locations. President Michelle Bachelet declared a "state of catastrophe" and sent military troops to take control of the most affected areas. According to official sources, 525 people lost their lives, 25 people went missing〔 and about 9% of the population in the affected regions lost their homes.〔(Casen Post-Earthquake Survey ), Ministry of Planning.〕
On 10 March, Swiss Reinsurance Co. estimated that the Chilean quake would cost insurance companies between 4 and 7 billion dollars. The rival German-based Munich Re AG made the same estimate.〔(Swiss Re puts Chile quake insurance cost at $4-7BN ), Associated Press, 10 March 2010.〕 Earthquake's losses to the economy of Chile are estimated at US$15–30 billion.〔(UNEP Year Book2011, An Overview of Our Changing Environment ), United Nations Environment Programme 2011 page 2〕
==Location==
According to the USGS the epicenter of the earthquake was about off the coast of Pelluhue commune in the Maule Region. This is about west of the village of Chovellén, southwest of the town of Pelluhue and at a point approximately away from the following four provincial capitals: Talca (to the north-east), Linares (to the east), Chillán (to the south-east) and Concepción (to the south).〔 Chile's Seismological Service located the quake's epicenter at about off the coast of Ñuble Province in the Biobío Region. This is north of Concepción and south-west of Talca.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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